| | Population, April 1, 2000 | Population, April 1, 2010 | Numeric Population Change, 2000 to 2010 | Percent Population Change, 2000 to 2010 | Land Area (square miles), 2010 | Persons Per Square Mile, 2010 |
|
| United States | 281,421,906 | 308,745,538 | 27,323,632 | 9.7% | 3,531,905.4 | 87.4 |
| Appalachian Region | 23,642,578 | 25,243,456 | 1,600,878 | 6.8% | 204,452.1 | 123.5 |
| New York | 18,976,457 | 19,378,102 | 401,645 | 2.1% | 47,126.4 | 411.2 |
| Appalachian New York | 1,072,786 | 1,066,421 | -6,365 | -0.6% | 11,681.4 | 91.3 |
|
| County |
| Allegany | 49,927 | 48,946 | -981 | -2.0% | 1,029.3 | 47.6 |
| Broome | 200,536 | 200,600 | 64 | 0.0% | 705.8 | 284.2 |
| Cattaraugus | 83,955 | 80,317 | -3,638 | -4.3% | 1,308.4 | 61.4 |
| Chautauqua | 139,750 | 134,905 | -4,845 | -3.5% | 1,060.2 | 127.2 |
| Chemung | 91,070 | 88,830 | -2,240 | -2.5% | 407.4 | 218.1 |
| Chenango | 51,401 | 50,477 | -924 | -1.8% | 893.5 | 56.5 |
| Cortland | 48,599 | 49,336 | 737 | 1.5% | 498.8 | 98.9 |
| Delaware | 48,055 | 47,980 | -75 | -0.2% | 1,442.4 | 33.3 |
| Otsego | 61,676 | 62,259 | 583 | 0.9% | 1,001.7 | 62.2 |
| Schoharie | 31,582 | 32,749 | 1,167 | 3.7% | 621.8 | 52.7 |
| Schuyler | 19,224 | 18,343 | -881 | -4.6% | 328.3 | 55.9 |
| Steuben | 98,726 | 98,990 | 264 | 0.3% | 1,390.6 | 71.2 |
| Tioga | 51,784 | 51,125 | -659 | -1.3% | 518.6 | 98.6 |
| Tompkins | 96,501 | 101,564 | 5,063 | 5.2% | 474.6 | 214.0 |
